Ethical Companies - 12021 Words

2011 World’s Most Ethical Companies The Ethisphere Institute, a leading international think-tank dedicated to the creation, advancement and sharing of best practices in business ethics, corporate social responsibility, anti-corruption and sustainability, announced the official unveiling of the 2011 World’s Most Ethical Companies. This year’s honorees have gone above and beyond to prove business ethics are paramount to the success of a company’s brand and bottom line. In its fifth year, the World’s Most Ethical Companies recognizes organizations that promote ethical business standards and practices by exceeding legal minimums for compliance, introducing innovative ideas that benefit the public and forcing their competitors to follow suit.†¦show more content†¦Internet Zappos Media, Publishing and Entertainment Thomson Reuters Medical Devices Becton Dickinson Royal Phillips Metals Umicore Real Estate British Land plc Jones Lang LaSalle Unibail-Rodamco Restaurants and Cafes Starbucks Coffee Company Specialty Pharma Medicis Specialty Retail Best Buy Co. Hennes Mauritz Sonae Target Ten Thousand Villages Staffing Manpower Telecom Hardware Avaya Inc. Cisco Systems Juniper Networks Telecom Services Singapore Telecom Swisscom T-Mobile USA Transportation and LogisticsShow MoreRelatedThe Coca Cola Company Struggles With Ethical Crisis1174 Words   |  5 PagesCoca-Cola Company Struggles with Ethical Crisis The Coca-Cola Company has struggled with ethical problems since the beginning of the 1990’s. The company has been accused of discrimination, interest of conflicts, and channel stuffing. (O.C Ferrell, John Fraedrich, Linda Ferrell, 2011) The Coca-Cola Company is known as the world’s largest beverage company. The last ten years has been exceptional until the company struggled to meet its financial objectives and encountered a number of ethical crises (FerrellRead MoreCoca Cola Company Struggles With Ethical Issues Essay1502 Words   |  7 Pages The coca-cola company struggles with ethical issues Name Institution Coca-cola boasts of being the world’s largest beverage company serving approximately one billion customers daily. The most dominant products distributed by Coca-cola are Coke, Fanta, Sprite and Diet Coke. This strategy is aimed at ensuring that every customer gets satisfied whenever they use a Coca-cola brand. Coca-cola has large distributions across the globe making it the largest distributor in the world. The late Roberto GoizuetaRead MoreWalt Disney Company : An Ethical And Responsible Manner1446 Words   |  6 Pagessuccess of any corporation. It is important that rules are enforced in order to conduct business in both an ethical and responsible manner. At Walt Disney and Company, there are policies in place in order to protect employees and the conditions in which they work, and instruct employees on how to effectively do their job. On Disney’s official website, it is stated, â€Å"At The Walt Disney Company, our employees and cast members make the magic happen. We thrive to create an optimal employee experience whileRead MoreEstee Lauder Companies : Ethical Strategy Analysis9260 Words   |  38 Pages------------------------------------------------- Estee Lauder Companies ------------------------------------------------- Ethical Strategy Analysis Jennifer Isikwe Analysis of the Ethical Strategy of the Estee Lauder Companies I. Background Information A. Brief History B. Other Relevant Information (Industry, environment, etc) II. Analysis of the Ethical Strategy A. Stated Ethical Strategy 1. Philosophy section of the mission statement 2. Explicit statements about ethicsRead MoreThe Coca-Coca Company Struggles with Ethical Crises Essay1335 Words   |  6 Pages : â€Å"The Coca-Coca Company Struggles with Ethical Crises† HRM 522-Ethics and Advocacy for HR Professionals Abstract Since the late nineteenth century Coca-Cola has been a successful company. Coco-Cola went to war with its competitor PepsiCo throughout the 1990s as Coca-Cola expanded its market overseas. Its overseas sales increased to the point where over 85 percent of its sales came from outside of the United States (Ferrell, Fraedrich and Ferrell, 2011). As a consequence, the Coca-Cola brandRead MoreEthical Considerations At Hand It May Preserve The Company s Business And Reputation1807 Words   |  8 PagesThe intent of this paper is to critically analyze ethical considerations to support whether or not to report small errors to higher management. On the one hand it may preserve the company’s business and reputation; on the other hand it may affect potential advancement opportunities for the employee in question. The issue at hand is determining whether or not newly hired Ben should notify his supervisor and CFO of small errors found after sending the reports he created for them. Since this is aRead MoreEthical: Research and Manufacturing Company1065 Words   |  5 PagesEthical 1 Is it ethical for a manufacturing company that wishes not to be identified as the sponsor of a mail survey to invent the name of a fictitious research company and print the name on the letterhead paper used for the survey? I do not think it is ethical for a manufacturing company to invent a fictitious research company. I think 3 things that are not good can come from it. The first thing is the manufacturing company might not have the expertise in surveys. Second is there a point to theRead MoreThe Inherent Ethical Dilemma Of A Company988 Words   |  4 PagesThe inherent ethical dilemma that presents itself in this case is whether or not it is ethical to cut corners to make a profit. The management is aware of the issue, yet continues to allow the defective drives to be sold in order to attempt to appease the company’s new CEO. Is it ethical for a company to sell a defective product in order to avoid loss? The obvious IT component that lends itself to the circumstances of this case takes the form of the defective Hard Drives. However, there are manyRead MoreThe Ethical Issues Of An Industry ( Or Company )1494 Words   |  6 PagesAssignment 3 Identify two of the main ethical issues of your industry (or your company). Recall from the lecture that the ethical Issues of an industry (or company) are behaviors, practices, or policies (e.g., company policies) that are thought to occur in the industry, and that raise questions about their ethics or morality because 1) they involve behaviors that harm or could harm others or oneself (either directly or indirectly); 2) they involve behaviors that violate or appear to violate or haveRead MoreTransparency And Ethical And Unethical Companies1364 Words   |  6 PagesIn a world obsessed with profit and revenue, some companies forgo their morals for financial profit. These companies tend to operate with a lack of â€Å"transparency† on numerous levels: externally, in regards to how the business interacts with consumers; and internally, in regards to how management makes decisions and steer the company. In order to display the importance of â€Å"transparency,† one must k now how â€Å"transparency† works / what it is. Once this knowledge is established, incorporation and sustainment

The Changing of the Guard A Progressive Study of the...

The Changing of the Guard: A Progressive Study of the Privatization of Prisons Abstract Privatization of prisons is not exactly a novel concept. The Federal Government has been contracting out such things as the building of new prisons, the operating of prisons, and providing goods and services to prisons since 2003. Some of the companies that the government trusts to do all of this are Corrections Corporation of America, and The GEO Service Group, formerly known as Wackenhut. Although the government sees this step as a cost cutting measure, this change has not come without its problems also its detractors. Even so, privatization of prisons and the services it takes to operate them seems to be the way of the future for the corrections†¦show more content†¦During the late twentieth century, prisons once again hoped that they could support themselves and possibly even make a profit. The first public facility to be turned over to a private company was a secure treatment center for juvenile offenders that were violent. This transition occurred in 1976, and the number of institutions being run by private companies has increased at a rapid rate since that time. The Changing of the Guard: A Progressive Study of the Privatization of Prisons Statistics show that from 1995 – 2004, the number of inmates that were housed in private prisons rose from 12,534 to 98,791. Approximately seven percent of inmates are now housed in privately operated prisons in the United States. One major reason for the increase in privately operated prisons is that the private sector claimed that they could provide more services and better services at a lower cost than that of state operated prisons. In the 1980s when corrections started operating under the private sector, their claim of more and better for less did not appear to be accurate. According to Charles H. Logan who examined the costs of public versus private corrections in 1990 â€Å"Private prisons will notShow MoreRelatedPrison Reform Topic Paper : Prisons6604 Words   |  27 PagesPrison Reform Topic Paper Submitted By: Toni Nielson - CSU, Fullerton Unique Educational Opportunities Prisons are closed institutions. They are established and funded by governments to hold people against their will, but why punish (Zyl Smit, 2010)? What is the purpose of prison? This fundamental question stirs up a significant amount of debate. The government, citizens, educators, and even prisoners are divided about the right answers. There is disagreement in the US about the purpose ofRead MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 PagesBUSINESS ENVIRONMENT WHERE THE FAST DEVOUR THE SLOW Our work in helping to increase the profitability of many of the world’s major companies (as well as our database surveys of many other companies) has made it clear that all this complexity has been changing the fundamental dimensions of business strategy and the meaning of its implementation. These changes affect a broad range of decisions, including the following: ââ€"  ââ€"  ââ€"  ââ€"  ââ€"  ââ€"  ââ€"  How to invest in technology How to lead meaningful human resourcesRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagesa wide readership. Professor Stephen Ackroyd, Lancaster University, UK This new textbook usefully situates organization theory within the scholarly debates on modernism and postmodernism, and provides an advanced introduction to the heterogeneous study of organizations, including chapters on phenomenology, critical theory and psychoanalysis. Like all good textbooks, the book is accessible, well researched and readers are encouraged to view chapters as a starting point for getting to grips with theRead MoreStrategic Marketing Management337596 Words   |  1351 Pages119 120 128 136 139 149 153 159 165 167 169 169 170 174 182 188 192 202 214 215 221 223 223 230 236 241 246 248 250 251 255 261 4 Market and environmental analysis 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 4.10 Learning objectives Introduction: the changing business environment (or the new marketing reality) Analysing the environment The nature of the marketing environment The evolution of environmental analysis The political, economic, social and technological environments Coming to terms with the

Winstons Free Essays

Winston Lavendier October 13th, 2010 Advertisement essay This essay is on an advertisement for Nolan’s Cheddar Cheese â€Å"seriously strong†. This video had won the two thousand ten best television advertisement award. Basically this video is a mouse coming out of its mouse hole to encounter a rat trap with the Nolan’s Cheddar Cheese on it. We will write a custom essay sample on Winstons or any similar topic only for you Order Now So the mouse starts to eat the cheese, and after being about halfway done with the cheese, the rat climbs on top of the rat trap like it is on top of the world and the rat trap snaps. Then the video pans and it seems like the rat is going to die but all of a sudden the mouse starts to bench press the rat trap bar then the screen fades away and it says Nolan’s Cheddar Cheese â€Å"seriously strong†. What my point is in this essay is that two things that sell products and make good commercials is sex and funny. If you have one or more of these in your commercials then it will turn out good. But now a days most commercials sell on sex. Because if they deceive the viewer into to thinking they can get some then they will win them over and buy their product. This commercial that I am writing about is not about sex. But it does deceive the viewer like any other good commercial. By showing the viewer that if you eat Nolan’s Cheddar Cheese then you will be incredibly strong. And get your self out of death by using the muscle you just gained from eating Nolan’s Cheddar Cheese. With the way all of these television commercials have been going lately they all advertise about sex from deodorant to shampoo to alcohol to any kind of product. Bottom line is that they all try and do one thing and one thing only. That is to device the viewer into buying their products. What I like about this commercial is that it does not have anything to do with sex in it but yet it can still sell a product and win the two thousand ten best television advertisement award and yet get the job done of deceiving the viewer. How to cite Winstons, Papers

Contingent Capital With Option To Convert -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Contingent Capital With Option To Convert? Answer: Introduction The preparation and presentation of the financial report of companies is known as corporate accounting. The financial reports are made up of various statements such as directors report, statement of profit and loss account, balance sheet and cash flow statements. These reports reflect the financial performance of the company and also describes the financial objectives of the company (Crawford et al. 2012). The preparation of the financial reports also follow certain rules, principles and also certain standards. Overview of the Company Sirtex Medical Limited is an Australian company which is engaged in providing medical treatment to the society. The company specializes in radioactive treatment for inoperable liver cancer. The company was established in 1997 with its headquarter situated in Australia and the company mostly operates in Australia (Sirtex.com, 2018). The company also provides other kind of treatments of other types of cancer. Equities of Sirtex Medical Limited The different types of stocks which are present in the financial report of Sirtex Medical Limited are given below in details: Issued Capital: This refers to the number of shares issued by the company for collecting funds from the public which is also know as share capital (Bolton and Samama 2012.). The issued portion of this total shares is known as issued capital. The issued capital of Sirtex Medical Limited is about $32684000 in 2016 which is more than the previous year figure of issued capital of $27021000 (Sirtex.com, 2018). This increase in the issued capital of the company is because the company has made a fresh issue of shares in 2016. In 2015 the number of shares issued to the public was 56,530,231 and this increased to 57273893 in 2016 which shows that the company has issued new shares during the year. Reserves: This refers to the part of profit which the company keeps for a certain purpose which may be anything. There are specific reserves which has to be utilized for the purpose it was created and there is free reserves which the company can do anything withy this type of reserve (Avery and Kwast 2017). The balance sheet shows a reserve of $6656000 in 2016 which is much more than what was in 2015 that is $5615000. As per the notes to accounts the reserve figure is made up of share right reserve and foreign currency translation reserve. Retained Earnings: This is also a part of the profit which is kept in the business for either reinvestment or distribution among shareholders as dividends purposes. The retained earning has also increased from previous year which is showing $154164000 in 2016. Income Tax Expenditure of Sirtex Medical Ltd The income tax expenses for the year 2016 is shown at $16416000 which is more than the previous year tax expense figure which was $12423000 in 2015 (Sirtex.com, 2018). All the rules and regulations of tax laws prevailing in Australia are followed by the company. The components of the income tax expenses as shown in the notes of accounts are current tax which is to be paid, deferred tax and provisions which are related to previous years (Lee 2017). The reason for the increased level of increase income tax is that the current tax expenses of 2016 is $14671000 which is more than previous years tax figure of $8587000 in 2015 (Sirtex.com, 2018). However the deferred tax has reduced from the previous years figure. The provisions of 2015 show a positive figure whereas the provision of 2016 show a negative figure. Income Tax Rate and Structure The change in current income tax is due to the profit which the company has earned or adjusted from the net profit before tax. The tax which is followed by the company is either enacted from earlier or recently enacted till the reporting date. The weighted average tax rate which is shown by the company in the notes to account state the rate is 23.5%. Deferred tax is calculated from the balance sheet using the liability method. The deferred tax is to charged at the rate when the ssets or liabilities are realized. The company and its subsidiaries have formed an income tax consolidation group. The company also have foreign currency translation of tax balance. The company charges taxes at the corporate tax rate at the rate of 30%. The companys income tax is calculated on the basis of the corporate tax rate which is charged on the net income of the company after the various adjustments are made from the income. The figures which are adjusted with the income tax of the company are non detu ctible amortization and expenses and income, lower rate of tax rates in the overseas market, effect of foreign currency translation of tax balance, recognition of previous tax losses which was not recognized by the company earlier and effects of tax consolidation groups are also to be removed from the gross tax figure in order to get the net tax figure which is attributable to the company for the current year 2016. Deferred tax assets and liabilities of Sirtex Medical ltd The company has a deferred tax asset which is shown at $7795000 in 2016 and the same figure is shown at lesser amount in 2015 which is $5085000. The company also has a deferred tax liability of $24722000 in 2016 which is comparatively less than the figure of deferred tax liability which is shown in 2015 which is $20034000 (Sirtex.com, 2018). The deferred tax asset item includes tax losses, timing differences relating to fixed assets, employee provisions, unrealized foreign exchange losses and also some other components as well. The deferred tax liabilities consists of components such as timing differences which are related to capitalization of development expenditure, fixed assets and other components as well. These deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are recorded in order to identify such components which makers up the deferred tax assets and liabilities. The users of the financial statements would be able to understand the different components of taxes which the compan y is required to pay and represent in the financial report. Tax assets and Tax Liabilities The company does have any current tax assets as the financial reports of the company shows none in both the years that is 2015 and 2016. However the company has a current tax liability which is shown at $7239000 in 2016 and the same is shown at $4746000 in 2015. The figure of income tax expense as shown in the statement of profit and loss account shows $16416000 and the current tax asset figure for the current year show a figure of $7239000. The figure of current tax liability may contain outstanding tax which the company needs to pay to the government. It comes in the liability side of the balance sheet whereas the income tax expense only relates to the current year expenses which the company must pay in full. Any outstanding part will then come under the current tax liability of the company. Difference in Income tax paid The income tax which the company needs to pay is shown in the statement of profit and loss account which is $16416000. The company has paid off $8134000 in the current year. the difference which occurs between the income tax expense and income tax actually paid may be due to the difference in payment criteria of the company. the company as per the income tax liability has paid off almost half of the liability. This shows that the company may be following half yearly payment systems which requires income tax payments to be made in two half or installments (Reynolds and Smolensky 2013). For the meantime the amount of income tax expenses which is not paid by the company will be treated as a current tax liability until the tax expenses liability is not cleared. Understanding the tax structure As per the analysis of the financial reports of Sirtex Medical ltd, the company follows corporate tax rate of 30% and has an effective weighted average tax rate of 23.5%. The company has an income tax expense of about $16416000 out of which half of the tax is paid by the company in the current year 2016 and the rest will be paid in a half year time which has been assumed. The company has a current tax liability but has no current tax assets. The company has both deferred tax assets and liabilities which is shown in the balance sheet which reflect certain timing differences in the tax treatments. The company has clearly reported all aspects in the balance sheet which could be of any use to the users. Conclusion The company Sirtex Medical ltd as per the above analysis has clearly mentioned and pointed out all the aspects of tax which the company has recorded in the financial statement. The balance sheet shows that the company tax expenditure is made up of current tax liability of the company as well as the deferred tax which the company can either use to set off or set on. Reference Avery, R. and Kwast, M., 2017. Money and Interest Rates under a Reserves Operating Target.Evolution,5, p.17. Bolton, P. and Samama, F., 2012. Capital access bonds: contingent capital with an option to convert.Economic Policy,27(70), pp.275-317. Crawford, L., Crawford, L., Extance, H., Helliar, C. and Power, D., 2012. Operating segments: The usefulness of IFRS 8. ICAS. Lee, D., 2017. Impact of the Medical Device Tax on Firm RD and Performance: Evidence from the Affordable Care Act. Reynolds, M. and Smolensky, E., 2013.Public expenditures, taxes, and the distribution of income: The United States, 1950, 1961, 1970. Academic Press. Sirtex.com. (2018).Sirtex - US. [online] Available at: https://www.sirtex.com [Accessed 24 Jan. 2018].

The Civil Strife And Chaos That Had Torn Russia Limb From Limb In The

The civil strife and chaos that had torn Russia limb from limb in the early 20th Century, although brutally devastating, did not hail the end of the stability and power that had characterized the massive country for so much of history. The continuing strength of what was now the Soviet Union lay in the newly formed support structure provided by Socialist Realism, a force that directed the awareness of, and the arts produced by, the Soviet people. The ideals of Socialist Realism deified Lenin and Marx, attributed the Bolshevik ranks with heroism undaunted by overwhelming opposition, and directed the proletariat towards a better future through reconstruction and industrialization of the state. Socialist Realism was essentially a Party tool that, combined with the Bolshevik ideals of collectivization and unity, would transform the people into a formidable, indestructible mass force. Socialist Realism's central code of conduct was, in Stalin's words, to above all portray life truthfully. Any form of art that depicted Bolshevik life was to do so in a realistic and accurate manner, on its way to socialism; that will be socialist art, that will be Socialist Realism. (Lincoln 333) This was the paradigm that all Soviet art was to be modeled after; implemented in 1934, the formula of Socialist Realism would heavily influence artistic life in the Soviet Union until the 1960s. The rise of Socialist Realism was rapid and dramatic. It dampened Europe's excitement over Russia's post-schism, secular art by redirecting art inward towards the Soviet people and forcing form and function upon it rather than abiding by the ideal of art for art's sake. Once again, the ancient religious ideals of Orthodox Russia were shunned, and the Party replaced God at the forefront of Soviet life. The Party mimicked Socialist Realism as a model for the people, who were expected to take the example of their heroic yet humble forefathers and arise from the masses to submit themselves to the principles of Lenin, then confidently lead their comrades forward to a bright Bolshevik future where both nature and human opposition would bow to the power of the Soviets. Although the Soviet Union was markedly secular, it adopted Orthodox Russia's replacement of the individual with the collective. Many artists collaborated on gigantic pieces that depicted the immense size and grandeur of their unified country. Overwhelming all other artistic principles, Socialist Realism became synonymous with the state. It modified the past and the future by making both conform to reality and to Lenin's timeless ideals. Most importantly, it portrayed the Soviet Union's future as being filled with an unequaled prosperity that would forever shame capitalism and its proponents. However, much of the reality that Socialist Realism depicted existed solely in the minds of the Soviet people. Socialist Realism portrayed life only as the Bolsheviks wanted it seen, and in many ways created an idealistic world of fantasy that overlooked massive failures (Lincoln 335) such as the death and suffering that continued to prosper in labor camps throughout the country. Socialist Realism was Stalin's aesthetic cover-up of the horrid, truly real Soviet reality, and if an artist intentionally or accidentally ventured too far behind the scenes in his work, official confession and apology to the state did not always prevent him from being sent to one of many labor camps. Socialist Realism was largely effective in indoctrinating simple-minded men and women with Bolshevik ideals. Nowhere else was this practice more effective than in Soviet literature, which was directed towards the unsophisticated, newly literate masses rather than the intellectual elite. Much of this literature focused on the Russian Civil War and the immortalized heroes that were crucial to socialism's victory. It was meant to instill the proletariat with a nationalistic pride that would direct its minds and hearts towards the interests of the state. Because of their overwhelming prominence, the influences of Socialist Realism were nearly impossible to escape. One of the most paradigmatic, and also one of the first Soviet heroes was Vasilii Chapaev, a Red soldier killed in the Civil War and elevated to the status of legend through the efforts of Socialist Realism. The author Dmitrii Furmanov wrote a novel depicting Chapaev's exploits, which was made into a screenplay in 1934 and became one of the

The Progressive era and its li essays

The Progressive era and its li essays The Progressive Era and its limitations In this essay I am going to first show the sources of progressivism. Then I will analyze and describe various reforms. Following I will get into the limitations of these reforms for certain groups of people. I want to show that even though the progressive era had been full of significant reforms with good intentions, it had its limitations as far as poor people, minorities and immigrants were concerned. I believe that this progressive era did bring many great and beneficial reforms but it did not always help the poorest and the minorities. The study of the emergence of modern America begins with the Progressive era which included the nations most vibrant set of reform ideas and campaigns since the 1830s-40s. Various aspects triggered the Progressive Reform Era. Industrialization, with all its increase in productivity and the number of consumer goods, was one of these aspects. It created unemployment and labor unrest, wasteful use of national resources and abuses of corporate power. The growing cities magnified problems of poverty, disease, crime and corruption. Influx of immigrants and rise of new managerial class upset traditional class alignments. On top of all of these problems, the Massive depression of 1893-1897 convinced many that equal opportunity was out of reach for many Americans. The Progressives arose from all of these problematic issues. These Progressive reformers were composed of several different groups: new middle class composed of young professionals, Muckraking journalists, political reformers and socialists. The young professionals sought to apply principles of professions ( medicine, law, business, teaching) to problems of society. They had a strong faith in progress and the ability of educated people to overcome problems. The journalists attacked corruption and scandal with a sense of outrage: Lincoln Steffens exposed city machines in The Shame of ...

How have media technologies changed our experience of space, and how Essay

How have media technologies changed our experience of space, and how have these changes been represented - Essay Example Inasmuch as pre-modern art was based on fetish techniques adopted by individual artists, messages contained in each artistic medium did not contradict standards of rationality. Rutsky (1999) mentioned that contents of traditional media represented perennial happiness and perceptive inclination of both artists and audiences. Those perceptive inclinations constrict individuals to adopt a uniform rationality of ideas contained in media channels. However, contemporary media possess substantial difference from its traditional versions. Today, incorporation of technology in media has significantly changed the audiences’ perception of space and time. Media technologies today are constantly evolving. Consequently, contents of media continue affecting audiences’ lives in a complex manner. The media environment together with its representation of space and time causes a substantial impact on social, economic and political aspects of human life. Increasing dynamics within the media’s virtual environment presents temporary ramifications of time and space orientation. According to Frederick and Mast (2007), current contents of digital media throws consumers into a strange environment of ordered and linear coordinates of space and time scales. As acknowledged earlier, traditional media demonstrated uniformity and objectivity in terms of content representation. However, digital media today represents concepts by immersing then into inconceivable spatial dimensions. This creates a situation where consumers are in constant quest for the difference between real and virtual representation of life aspects. Rutsky (1999) added t hat spatial dimensions in digital media take consumers into environments with contents that cannot be comprehended through simple sensory perceptions. Meaning of digital contents does not result from immediate experience. Rather, understanding them requires mediation between concepts of rationalism and instrumentalism. In order to understand

Human Euthanasia is Unethical Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Human Euthanasia is Unethical - Essay Example All of them are for the protection of life. In the world of medicine, the World Medical Association (WMA, 2002) made its point well on euthanasia. The policy adopted by the 38th WMA Assembly, in Madrid, Spain, October 1987, states: "Euthanasia, that is the act of deliberately ending the life of a patient, even at the patient's own request or at the request of close relatives, is unethical. This does not prevent the physician from respecting the desire of a patient to allow the natural process of death to follow its course in the terminal phase of sickness." "Physicians-assisted suicide, like euthanasia, is unethical and must be condemned by the medical profession. Where the assistance of the physician is intentionally and deliberately directed at enabling an individual to end his or her own life, the physician acts unethically. However the right to decline medical treatment is a basic right of the patient and the physician does not act unethically even if respecting such a wish results in the death of the patient." As one of the most contentious issues of our time, "euthanasia" (herein clarified as human) is understood as "good death." According to Bamgbose (2004), there are many angles in looking at this issue as euthanasia has been deliberated in a many-sided debate from different groups. On one side are the medical practitioners ready to assist with their expertise; on another are the legal practitioners who interpret the law; on still another are those in the judicial arm of government who have to make authoritative decisions. There are yet the two groups where on one side are the terminally ill who look for assistance to die with dignity, and then on the other side are the family members much tormented with anguish. My position. The debate on euthanasia is on whether a person may decide to have his or her life terminated for his or her own benefit (Bamgbose, 2004). The burden appears to lie on the one who has a life to reckon with. Does a person own his own life such that he can decide how long he should live or notAs defined by euthanasia.com (http://www.euthanasia.com/index.html), euthanasia is the intentional killing by act or omission of a dependent human being for his or her alleged benefit. Accordingly, the key word here is "intentional" so that if death is not intended, it is not an act of euthanasia. Voluntary euthanasia therefore refers to when the person who is killed has requested to be killed. Accordingly, there is no euthanasia unless the death is intentionally caused by what was done or not done (Website: euthanasia.com). Zeroing in on this angle, this paper takes on the position that a person's decision to terminate his or her life is unethical. In other words, the WMA's belief that euthanasia is unethical is well taken. Euthanasia or good death or mercy killing may take on other meanings like suicide or physician-assisted suicide (PAS) depending on the circumstance. All of them, however, amount to euthanasia. For either argument for and against euthanasia, this paper will endeavor to counter or concur with the contentions accordingly The word euthanasia originated from an amalgam of two Greek words: eu

Essay on the book Christianity in the first three centuries by Adolf

On the book Christianity in the first three centuries by Adolf Harnack - Essay Example Thus, the religion of Christianity has â€Å"become a power† (Harnack 312). Initially, Christianity has been known as a part of Judaism; subsequently, it has become one of the most dominant religions in the world. In its evaluation as a popular religion, it has attained a powerful grip on humanity. Harnack, by analyzing both historical developments of dogma and of the relation of the church to the state, along with missionary movement of Christians, investigates the expansion of this religion. Christianity has received a strong foundation to grow and the time too has been perfect in a certain sense, despite the stiff oppositions, constant attacks, enemies, unfavorable rulers and authorities. Harnack’s work is divided into three sections. The first section deals with the humble but dynamic beginning, with the background of Judaism, and the emergence of Jewish religion. Then it goes on to the mission, consequently segregating from the mainstream. The second section concer ns with the contents of the message that influenced the Christians with such a powerful force. The third section dwells on different methods employed, and hostility suffered in the voyage of the mission until it attained the recognition of the masses. This paper offers a critical analysis of Harnack’s work in relation to the mission and the expansion of Christianity. Review: Right at the beginning, in Book 1, Harnack brings to the attention of his audience Christianity’s germination on the fertile land of Jews and examines how it has fared then on. The context has remained favorable for Christianity’s growth. Jewish foothold has been very firm and their propaganda profound. Judaism gradually kept transforming in a philosophical context. However, afterwards, the religion has â€Å"presented itself in the eyes of the law and the authorities as a religion distinct from that of Judaism, its character as a religio illicita was assured† (Harnack 302). Simultane ously, the religion has blended itself into the lives and other aspects of the society in the east. This was syncretism, which looked like a unity from distance but is heterogenous in reality. When â€Å"Christianity came to formulate ideas of God, Jesus, sin, redemption, and life, it drew upon the materials acquired in the general process of religious evolution standing against polytheism.† Harnack showed that Jesus’ preaching and works are the base for further mission work and the impulse given by His genuineness worked as its spirit. The earliest followers, especially Paul, got this profound consciousness of being an apostle to the world. He was driven till the western ends of Roman Empire. The transition from Jewish mission to gentile mission is clearly shown by Harnack. In between, he argues against the Jews’ evilness and unworthiness of God’s grace. He takes it to extremes. In the gospels, first of all, one can find the obligation to go to the Jews and then the Gentiles. Jesus, however, did not give an explicit command for this, which remained further a field to think upon. However, His message was for the whole humanity. Harnack depicted Christianity as a syncretistic religion. But it is not clear to what extent this syncretism or the acceptance of ideas from others, and employing them for own understanding, was present in the words of Jesus and the

London Street Photography Exhibition Photography Essay

London Street Photography Exhibition Photography Essay This exhibition shows images of London streets taken between 1960 and 2010, some of them come from the museum archives and was not exhibited before at such a scale. Exhibition takes place in a couple of rooms in the lower level. The main exhibition space takes two rooms to the side showing films about street photography. The images are displayed in chronological order around the room, as we go feather faded sepia images stands out to our eyes as we go along they loosing they grainy quality, the moving objects becoming less blurry and they change to black and white photographs. As we progress to the end of exhibition photographs transform into colour images. An introduction show us a short film which include a interview with Paul Trevor who took photographs of the East End between 1970s and 1980s that were a high points of the exhibition. Over 60 photographers shown their work starting with Valentine Blanchards who were born in Wisbech, Cambridgeshire in 1831.His photograph taken in 1860 of Covent Garden Market where man in a hat is caught looking at vegetables while behind him world continues in its busy way. Looking at this image is giving you a feeling of turning back in time, stopping for a while and think about yourself and all those years that passed. Really calming effect I would say. There were images of Terry Spencer who shot skinheads frowning at hippies in Piccadilly Circus. Another image of couple walking down the street in anticipation, it is beautiful proof that out there somewhere it always be a moment to be caught .For example when child looks up and smiles or a person sitting alone on the bench in the park. This British capital, wrote Henry James, is the particular spot in the world which communicates the greatest sense of life; there is nothing one cant study at first hand. Roger Mayne sought to record a way of life in North Kensington before it was redeveloped in 1960s. His images often looked at the use of the streets as social space. The photograph that caught my eye is the image of two men walking down the Latimer Road caring shopping and just drifted away with their minds completely not aware of the photographer. I like that the image is in greyscale which makes it stand out more because you get that feeling of time and how the viewer perceiving the convening message. The framing and the location show us that Roger Mayne dedicated himself to describe life on London working class people and streets. Other photograph of Tom taken in Trafalgar Square in 1970 involved simplification of black and white and freezing the moment in time. Other of his picture included in exhibition is picture of children playing cricket in Notting Hill. As Roger Mayne said himself I went to South London and I saw, in the distance, a bombed building with a lot of children pl aying in it, so I thought that might be an interesting subject. So I walked towards this building and when the children saw somebody with a camera they immediately stopped this fascinating thing, whatever they were doing which intrigued me, so they all came out and wanted their photograph. You used to get this cry, please take my photo Mister. As you move around the place you witness capital developing and changing across a century. Some of the locations appears a couple of times and as you follow you can see that they are becoming more and more as they are today. Different elements pops up, the number of non white faces increase, style of clothes becoming more similar to what we are wearing today and we notice that British culture is influenced more and more by brands and trends from United States. Really interesting for me were the images of racial tensions in 1970s but the photograph of white woman kissing a black man, photograph by Charlie Phillips, seems to improve the relations between immigrants and Londoners. I noticed that photography drastically changed across the exhibition. Since the innovations in technology cameras were getting smaller and exposure faster we could notice how the photographers approach changed relating to the subject. Furthermore the subject matter also changed specially in the war period as artists changed their focus from capturing streets to highlighting the London inequalities. After that noticeably compositions approached changed due to emigrating people from Europe who brought new modernist style with them. That style moved back and forward since 1960s and which quickly were displaced. What amazed me the most were the techniques used to produce the image. The street photographer often needs to get his shoots quickly and secretly that push him to compromise in technique. We can find photographers that do this, by intentionally heighten contrast and grain, emphasizing the grittiness of that street which in my opinion did not look amusing at all. However in whole exhibition you could find beautiful pieces in deed. For example George Reids photographs shot with plate glass camera showing an amazing control of depth of field and exposure with carefully planned and examined shoot of the scene. Moving into colour which is delayed and does not become obvious after us past 1980s because people belief that greyscale images are more successful for documentary storytelling as a medium. The image taken by Bob Tapper called Two children looking out of a window in Fieldgate Mansions ;1986 draw my attention straight away because of that children they looked like they are prisoners of their own house. For a while I felt sad but then I realised that they are actually happy. I do like framing in this image and how photographer emphasizes his point of view standing up and taking picture from that level. Also the writing on the wall matches the subject matter as we do not know if they having a mum or they are orphans. The fact that window is just on the footpath level makes it more abstract how the kids looking out of a window. Further I found interesting photograph of Stephen McLaren called Dog, Big Ben taken in April 2007 .It is a shoot of a dog jumping in the air and captured next to Big Ben on beautiful cloudless sky .What makes the dog look really big almost the size of the Big Ben is the way how it was captured pushed me to think how much you could do when you actually looking around. Also how important is approaching your subject in a way how you want to display your work to the viewer. The last photograph that I will talk about that grabbed my attention was the image by Marco Fiori Metro London Street Photography winner, 2011.The image shows interesting contrast of red and black and it captured the spontaneity of a perfect moment. Overall the exhibition show how London changed around its residents to become a city as we see it today. The down side of the whole experience was queuing for an hour and allot of people shuffling around the small room briefly looking at a succession of the prints which we re A4 size or smaller. Also a short description was hanged almost at the ankle level what was real struggle to read. To summarise the exhibition provides the facts that street photography is no longer alive but its shows that is still relevant in todays world.

The Argument for Celibacy Essay -- Argumentative Persuasive Argument E

The Argument for Celibacy    How could someone explain America’s loosening view of sexual intercourse over recent decades? Have our moral standards changed so much that they now accept or even encourage frequent sex? Is it just a method of rebellion as people attempt to fight conservative societal views? Perhaps we just wish to fight those who instill inhibitive ideas on us, and our forms of freedom – in this case, that of our bodies. Has American media’s desire for revenue and profit caused an increased sway towards what was previously deemed inappropriate? Thomas Jefferson even once said that â€Å"man is an imitative animal†. Is America just experiencing a spontaneous hormone rush? Is it possible for a society to experience its own version of puberty? Or has America just always been horny and never shown it? After all, the 70-year-old chick from The Wedding Singer screwed the modern equivalent of 200 men before she got married, didn’t she? One can speculate on these ideas, probably others as well, and not really get anywhere. They’ve all contributed to modern attitudes towards sex. But beneath all the sexual innuendos of American entertainment, the social standards of acceptance based on sexual practices, and all of the Saturday night hoopla over who’s going to get laid first and how many beers it will take, there is a subtle current of those who look in the other direction. Imagine this – some people are actually happy without getting any. You can reread that last sentence if you have to. That’s why it’s there. Not all people consider it a priority to do push-ups the hard way every weekend. In fact, some consider it a priority not to. These people are celibates, and they’re not ashamed to admit it. They’re proud... ...any man-made laws, there is a strong value in preserving one’s virginity until marriage. But again, in our country, adhering to these principles is a matter of choice. Most choose not to, and find many forms of sex to be part of our culture, and completely acceptable to engage in. Some do not view it as such. While the celibate may not make his virginal state well-known, the values that influence its holding remain true and steadfast in his life, regardless of cultural and social change. Celibates are often ridiculed for not following societal views or conforming to popular culture. Anyone can argue as to whether or not these aspects of life are acceptable, but next time you think of a celibate in a ridiculing manner, ask yourself if you would have the courage and the integrity of one. Then try ridiculing. It could prove much harder than getting someone in the sack.